婆家,娘家,自己家 - 婚姻
By Noah
at 2010-03-11T10:05
at 2010-03-11T10:05
Table of Contents
這是單身56在婚姻版的最後一篇文章,之後這個名字就要在這邊
消失了.一方面單身56在這邊惡搞也夠久了,玩夠了應該做點正
事;另一方面,既然單身56不過是個分身,還是保持神祕一點比較
好.
這篇的標題是取自大家討論常見的一個親疏問題:自己家(或者所
謂的核心家庭)跟婆家或者娘家應該怎麼相互對待?
這顯然是這邊版上文章多數討論的核心議題,從初二回娘家到錢從
哪裡來往哪裡去,甚至小孩跟誰姓,大概都可以參照這個基本問題
來思考,如果說每個學科都有一個中心問題,例如心理學問"人如何
思考?""人如何記憶?"例如說物理學問"宇宙的生成基本元素為何?"
或者經濟學問"人類經濟活動如何描述跟公式化?"
這或許可以說是婚姻學(如果真有這門學問)的基本問題了吧!
概略的說法會認為:中國文化傳統上是將核心家庭當成是婆家的一
個延展,所以嫁娶其實是女性脫離原生家庭(娘家)進入婆家的過程.
這種父權體制與父系社會大抵上是相當普遍的結構,儘管人類學家
認為這些體制乃是由母系社會衍生而來,不過至少可以安全地說,在
有文字記載以來的大部分時間,人類社會大多地方是以父權體制跟
父系社會的組態進行著.當然,摩梭社會是存在的,但是相對而言是
少數.
這是個實然的敘述,不包括應然的判斷.
[岔題一下:版友常常討論事情弄混了實然陳述與應然陳述,例如A
說"現在社會還是認為應該以婆家為重",這是實然陳述,不表示A
認為社會"應該"以婆家為重,不過這樣的話語常常就會被解釋成
:A,你是在幫婆家說話撐腰嗎?如果這樣討論下去,細膩的分析幾不
可能,這邊的討論不過是台灣藍綠分明的政治討論再版而已,這也是
我覺得疲累之處.]
因此,傳統上,核心家庭隸屬於婆家,娘家則由自己的子系那邊取得
需要的延續與支持. 姓氏的傳遞,權力的分配,都是以父系男性為主.
這樣的社會中西皆然,大抵在二十世紀之前,女性不管在哪裡都是
附屬於男性中心社會的角色.女權運動史告訴我們,從政治投票權
到經濟自主權,其實大多都是二十世紀上半的產物,而且這一部分還
很大的程度上依靠戰爭的協助,因為戰爭消耗了太多男性,女性於是
被徵召到職場到戰場到需要勞力的地方. 二十世紀後半的解放運動
則給這種女權提升更多樣且繁複的面貌與可能,不僅僅是婦女這種
性別被解放了,包括那些不同膚色的婦女,不同階級的婦女,也都同
樣地在這些平權解放活動中被認識,被尊重.
這邊帶出一個新問題:女權的提升,並不是一個均等的過程.
[岔題兩下:版友大多是中產階級裡面比較有錢有閒的婦女,所以有時
候對於非此族群的婦女屈從於父權體制常常有過分的要求與期待,
認為她們講不聽,或者她們自己軟掉了,這可能並不是個很具同理性
的批評,因為其他人儘管是女的,不見得有足夠的社會資本能夠抵擋
父權的壓制.就個人層面來說,屈從有時候是比抵抗更好的暫時性策
略,然而版上通常只鼓勵大家黑掉,卻沒有教黑掉的人如何真正不理
會社會壓力,愜意地生活.]
女權提升之後,核心家庭才開始有可能脫離婆家,成為與婆家娘家構成
等邊三角形的組織. 在這邊,女權的提升可能是女性收入的增加與工作
的取得(例如三百大嫂),可能是家事勞力被認可(例如閃大媽目前的辛
勞),可能是延續家族的社會與經濟資本(如i大),最終是在這些經濟與
社會條件之外,以單純人權或者說婦權的立場,要求核心家庭脫離婆家.
當然,這是最終目標.
對於過去長久當小媳婦的婦女來說,脫離婆家的指揮當然有其自主權提
升的好處,也可以開始照料到娘家這邊的親戚,不至於有斷了聯繫的恐懼.
就這種等邊三角形的家庭組態來說,當然對於原有的父權結構與父系社
會也有相當的衝擊,在這邊,權力與血緣最好分開來看.儘管實際上兩種
是交雜的.因為這種概念的拆組,可以幫助我們看到常見的幾個婚姻問題:
1. 如果核心家庭不再從屬於婆家的勢力,那麼小孩還要跟父姓嗎?
(由此可以衍生出要不要雙姓啪啦啦一堆問題)
2. 如果跟了父姓,那麼生活中如何擺脫婆家過度的干預?
(也就是血緣關係與權力衝突的處理)
這些問題我都沒有解答,而且某種程度來說,在個人層面上,"自行協調"
就常常是最後的解答,只是在體制或者群體的層面上,這些問題就會構成
核心家庭跟婆娘家之間如何舉措如何相處的根本議題,如果套句版主的名
言:"國之大事,為祀與戎",那麼血緣(祀)跟權力(戎)的糾結顯然是最根本
的事情.
等邊三角形的模式要求成年男女結婚之後,以自己的核心家庭為首要考
量,這個思考模式在傳統的從屬關係裡面也有,只是當婆家的利益或者決定
跟核心家庭的利益與決定衝突時,前者常常居上風.不過當等邊三角形模式
希望將核心家庭放在小夫妻最優先考慮的時候,就表示姻親(夫妻結合)在
決定權上會有優於血親(例如父母對子女)的位階,這其實是挑戰了長久以
來的家族主義之根本,而進入個人主義形態的結合.
從家族主義走向個人主義,這大概是目前主要的社會潮流,思考事情由"我"
出發而不由"我們"出發,也是一個常見的趨勢.但是當大家庭系統崩解之後,
取而代之的小家庭體系就原子化(atomize)了個人的存在,這沒有好壞之別,
我也沒有說過去的比較好/壞,現在的比較壞/好(所以還以為我有特定立場
的人可以住口了).不過是社會條件不同所以就會有不同的偏好組態而已.
對於閃大媽來說,這種舊時代體制的存在是個該剔除的罪惡,我的意見是:或
許是,不過那不是我關切的東西,反正就個人層面上來說,我們永遠可以說:
XXX,你不喜歡他們家,你就不要跟那個男的/女的結婚.不過就群體來說,我比
較好奇的是:如果這個體制這麼不好,為何還沒被淘汰掉?是因為"還沒有而已",
還是因著某種因素,這體制被奇妙地支持下來?如果我所見的不是一個正在消
逝的歷史,那麼就表示不管我們怎麼樣譴責這個父權結構的惡龍,它還是有
某些滋養自身的方式.
我好奇的是那些方式是甚麼?那些滋養的條件是甚麼?
大家庭有大家庭的好處,除了經濟生產的需要以外(家庭如工廠),還有某些情
感的層面(堂表兄弟姊妹大家都混一起)或者危機支持的機制(喪偶的男女還可
以短時間停留在家庭的羽翼下)或者傷病照護的好處. 當然,因為性別差異勞
力支出的問題,女性其實在這個體制中被剝削. 不過如果換成了核心家庭與婆
娘家鼎足而三的等邊三角形,這個大家庭的好處就被削減了.例如說:以後自己
生病了,小孩沒法來顧或者沒法幫忙出錢,怎麼辦?靠誰呢?
如果小孩也把他們自己的核心家庭放在優先考慮,那麼當父母的只能先靠自己
不然就要靠國家. 換句話說,這必須在國家福利政策合適發展的情況下,才能
補足這個可能的經濟或照護缺口,這幾年搞老人年金而不是三十年前就開始,是
有道理的...當然,如果經濟成長大,大家收入增加快,那麼經濟上要補這個缺口
比較容易,如果在短缺狀態下,小家庭其實比大家庭容易受到影響.
這樣的意思是,小家庭制度裡面以自己的核心家庭為優先考慮,跟婆家或娘家保
持均等的距離關係,這種社會組態是可以成立且可欲求的(feasible and desirable)
,不過我們不要忘記這是有其條件支持的,如果婦女收入過低,或者背景長期處在
短缺狀態下,其實小家庭模式或者說等邊三角形模式,其實是比較不利的,要嗎也
要靠有權有錢的那一邊.
這就是為何我們在都市背景容易看到閃大媽的理想模式,在鄉村或者經濟短缺
環境下比較常見傳統的婆家模式,不僅僅是因為都市比較思想先進,婦女自主高,
同時也包括都市鄉村在經濟規模與生活勞動型態的差異,促使不同的家庭組態
容易出現.
就個人層面來說,我們永遠可以要求對於傳統型態膽怯的女性:"你就不要嫁就好"
不過大家講這話容易,對於聽話的人來說,要碰上那個可以接受等邊三角形模式的
男人或者他的家族可能並不容易,回到應然與實然,對,這"不應該"是這樣,但很抱
歉,"實際上"就是這樣.更何況,對於她曾經付出的感情與時間來說,這種"投資錯誤
"更是難以忍受.不要嫁或許是比較好的,因為"你難道要犧牲你的一輩子嗎?"不過
在凸顯核心家庭優先的好處之前,我們也不要那麼快地那麼急地完全不考慮背景
因素就強調舊體制的不好.對於一個體制的厭惡常常會變成對於那個體制底下的人
普遍的貶低,瞧瞧大家怎麼說些所謂的"婆婆"就是.
我喜歡的人是溫柔敦厚,我期待的討論是情理兼具,"如得其情,則哀矜而勿喜",過
往傳統固然扼殺了很多女性,不過與其抱持著除之而後快的態度,還不如溫柔而穩
定地推動逐步的改革. 家庭體制的改變,其實是很多條件日積月累的結果,與其告
訴女性"你就黑掉好了",還不如幫她分析"如果黑掉你有何好處有何缺點",讓她自
己決定. 我這樣的態度也許不符合板上某些革命者運動者的舉措,但是請諒解我的
溫和決定,我寧可慢慢扶持一個脆弱的靈魂到它可以站起來,也不希望讓它在我的
呼喊前進中匍然倒下. 我也不喜歡傳統這座高牆,但我不覺得推倒它只能靠我們每
個人撲身而上,撞得頭破血流. 我寧可慢慢地挖牆腳,同時重建一座更合適的花園.
--
Tags:
婚姻
All Comments
By Hedwig
at 2010-03-11T23:30
at 2010-03-11T23:30
By Selena
at 2010-03-12T06:29
at 2010-03-12T06:29
By Catherine
at 2010-03-15T09:48
at 2010-03-15T09:48
By Tracy
at 2010-03-16T21:24
at 2010-03-16T21:24
By Ida
at 2010-03-17T23:50
at 2010-03-17T23:50
By Jake
at 2010-03-22T13:19
at 2010-03-22T13:19
By Ingrid
at 2010-03-26T00:06
at 2010-03-26T00:06
By Skylar Davis
at 2010-03-30T15:28
at 2010-03-30T15:28
By Hamiltion
at 2010-04-02T19:08
at 2010-04-02T19:08
By Olive
at 2010-04-04T10:40
at 2010-04-04T10:40
By Jake
at 2010-04-07T23:56
at 2010-04-07T23:56
By Annie
at 2010-04-11T18:53
at 2010-04-11T18:53
By Regina
at 2010-04-11T22:12
at 2010-04-11T22:12
By Tom
at 2010-04-15T07:01
at 2010-04-15T07:01
By Zora
at 2010-04-18T22:05
at 2010-04-18T22:05
By Vanessa
at 2010-04-21T06:38
at 2010-04-21T06:38
By Ina
at 2010-04-25T07:14
at 2010-04-25T07:14
By Vanessa
at 2010-04-29T23:03
at 2010-04-29T23:03
By Daph Bay
at 2010-04-30T17:53
at 2010-04-30T17:53
By Anthony
at 2010-05-02T10:46
at 2010-05-02T10:46
By Brianna
at 2010-05-05T05:22
at 2010-05-05T05:22
By Ina
at 2010-05-05T08:41
at 2010-05-05T08:41
By Joe
at 2010-05-10T07:58
at 2010-05-10T07:58
By James
at 2010-05-11T03:17
at 2010-05-11T03:17
By Eden
at 2010-05-11T12:36
at 2010-05-11T12:36
By Ethan
at 2010-05-15T16:47
at 2010-05-15T16:47
By Regina
at 2010-05-16T17:42
at 2010-05-16T17:42
By Lily
at 2010-05-18T17:53
at 2010-05-18T17:53
By Thomas
at 2010-05-21T18:46
at 2010-05-21T18:46
By Ethan
at 2010-05-25T20:31
at 2010-05-25T20:31
By Tracy
at 2010-05-30T19:12
at 2010-05-30T19:12
By Dorothy
at 2010-05-31T07:28
at 2010-05-31T07:28
By Puput
at 2010-06-05T04:46
at 2010-06-05T04:46
By Bethany
at 2010-06-09T19:04
at 2010-06-09T19:04
By Gary
at 2010-06-11T12:43
at 2010-06-11T12:43
By Donna
at 2010-06-12T18:01
at 2010-06-12T18:01
By Quintina
at 2010-06-16T20:31
at 2010-06-16T20:31
By George
at 2010-06-17T07:34
at 2010-06-17T07:34
By Madame
at 2010-06-17T13:19
at 2010-06-17T13:19
By Ingrid
at 2010-06-21T13:29
at 2010-06-21T13:29
By Lydia
at 2010-06-21T19:56
at 2010-06-21T19:56
By Harry
at 2010-06-23T00:51
at 2010-06-23T00:51
By Harry
at 2010-06-24T08:22
at 2010-06-24T08:22
By Charlie
at 2010-06-26T16:54
at 2010-06-26T16:54
By Kristin
at 2010-06-30T06:32
at 2010-06-30T06:32
By Edwina
at 2010-07-04T22:43
at 2010-07-04T22:43
By Puput
at 2010-07-06T10:10
at 2010-07-06T10:10
By Belly
at 2010-07-09T16:36
at 2010-07-09T16:36
By Candice
at 2010-07-12T07:46
at 2010-07-12T07:46
By Freda
at 2010-07-14T20:54
at 2010-07-14T20:54
By Rebecca
at 2010-07-16T16:35
at 2010-07-16T16:35
By Skylar Davis
at 2010-07-20T11:17
at 2010-07-20T11:17
By Eartha
at 2010-07-24T22:10
at 2010-07-24T22:10
By Irma
at 2010-07-29T13:15
at 2010-07-29T13:15
By Dora
at 2010-07-29T15:21
at 2010-07-29T15:21
By Hamiltion
at 2010-08-03T11:53
at 2010-08-03T11:53
By Dora
at 2010-08-06T19:47
at 2010-08-06T19:47
By Andy
at 2010-08-06T21:54
at 2010-08-06T21:54
By Sierra Rose
at 2010-08-10T05:39
at 2010-08-10T05:39
By Franklin
at 2010-08-13T14:48
at 2010-08-13T14:48
By Elma
at 2010-08-14T13:06
at 2010-08-14T13:06
By Frederic
at 2010-08-18T05:24
at 2010-08-18T05:24
By George
at 2010-08-19T04:57
at 2010-08-19T04:57
By Daph Bay
at 2010-08-22T18:39
at 2010-08-22T18:39
By Frederic
at 2010-08-24T21:17
at 2010-08-24T21:17
By Barb Cronin
at 2010-08-27T14:13
at 2010-08-27T14:13
By Tracy
at 2010-08-30T16:32
at 2010-08-30T16:32
By Ursula
at 2010-09-01T23:35
at 2010-09-01T23:35
By Oliver
at 2010-09-05T13:27
at 2010-09-05T13:27
By Kyle
at 2010-09-06T12:53
at 2010-09-06T12:53
By Sarah
at 2010-09-09T07:06
at 2010-09-09T07:06
By Yuri
at 2010-09-10T17:48
at 2010-09-10T17:48
By Anthony
at 2010-09-12T19:49
at 2010-09-12T19:49
By Zora
at 2010-09-14T02:26
at 2010-09-14T02:26
By Zora
at 2010-09-14T08:58
at 2010-09-14T08:58
By Linda
at 2010-09-15T23:35
at 2010-09-15T23:35
By Suhail Hany
at 2010-09-18T20:37
at 2010-09-18T20:37
By Susan
at 2010-09-19T21:45
at 2010-09-19T21:45
By Isla
at 2010-09-22T00:23
at 2010-09-22T00:23
By Isabella
at 2010-09-26T17:35
at 2010-09-26T17:35
By James
at 2010-09-28T04:06
at 2010-09-28T04:06
By Leila
at 2010-09-30T01:07
at 2010-09-30T01:07
By Edward Lewis
at 2010-10-03T01:05
at 2010-10-03T01:05
By Heather
at 2010-10-07T10:54
at 2010-10-07T10:54
By Lydia
at 2010-10-11T14:11
at 2010-10-11T14:11
By Isabella
at 2010-10-13T21:53
at 2010-10-13T21:53
By Olga
at 2010-10-14T13:36
at 2010-10-14T13:36
By Kelly
at 2010-10-14T17:41
at 2010-10-14T17:41
By Ula
at 2010-10-16T10:45
at 2010-10-16T10:45
By Regina
at 2010-10-18T13:13
at 2010-10-18T13:13
By Thomas
at 2010-10-21T05:11
at 2010-10-21T05:11
By Brianna
at 2010-10-22T12:55
at 2010-10-22T12:55
By Kelly
at 2010-10-26T16:16
at 2010-10-26T16:16
By Frederica
at 2010-10-30T17:09
at 2010-10-30T17:09
By Liam
at 2010-11-04T06:24
at 2010-11-04T06:24
By Dora
at 2010-11-06T12:11
at 2010-11-06T12:11
By Oliver
at 2010-11-09T00:45
at 2010-11-09T00:45
By Caroline
at 2010-11-12T04:43
at 2010-11-12T04:43
By Valerie
at 2010-11-15T05:41
at 2010-11-15T05:41
By Agnes
at 2010-11-15T23:03
at 2010-11-15T23:03
By Damian
at 2010-11-16T17:17
at 2010-11-16T17:17
By Lauren
at 2010-11-19T18:57
at 2010-11-19T18:57
By Suhail Hany
at 2010-11-22T11:41
at 2010-11-22T11:41
By Agnes
at 2010-11-23T11:43
at 2010-11-23T11:43
By Eden
at 2010-11-26T20:16
at 2010-11-26T20:16
By Elvira
at 2010-11-27T15:23
at 2010-11-27T15:23
By Enid
at 2010-11-28T13:16
at 2010-11-28T13:16
By Erin
at 2010-12-03T01:42
at 2010-12-03T01:42
By Elma
at 2010-12-07T15:59
at 2010-12-07T15:59
By Elma
at 2010-12-08T13:06
at 2010-12-08T13:06
By Tom
at 2010-12-09T00:12
at 2010-12-09T00:12
By Ida
at 2010-12-11T07:19
at 2010-12-11T07:19
By Kama
at 2010-12-14T05:17
at 2010-12-14T05:17
By Ula
at 2010-12-15T21:22
at 2010-12-15T21:22
By Daniel
at 2010-12-19T15:37
at 2010-12-19T15:37
By Rae
at 2010-12-21T18:21
at 2010-12-21T18:21
By Oliver
at 2010-12-25T08:12
at 2010-12-25T08:12
By Zenobia
at 2010-12-26T10:44
at 2010-12-26T10:44
By Margaret
at 2010-12-28T15:50
at 2010-12-28T15:50
By Brianna
at 2010-12-29T14:26
at 2010-12-29T14:26
By Joseph
at 2010-12-30T11:15
at 2010-12-30T11:15
By Bethany
at 2011-01-02T06:34
at 2011-01-02T06:34
By Christine
at 2011-01-06T14:20
at 2011-01-06T14:20
By Ursula
at 2011-01-09T15:00
at 2011-01-09T15:00
By Charlie
at 2011-01-11T15:20
at 2011-01-11T15:20
By Oscar
at 2011-01-14T09:35
at 2011-01-14T09:35
By Quintina
at 2011-01-14T21:44
at 2011-01-14T21:44
By Mason
at 2011-01-15T02:08
at 2011-01-15T02:08
By Thomas
at 2011-01-16T08:08
at 2011-01-16T08:08
By Steve
at 2011-01-16T20:55
at 2011-01-16T20:55
By Selena
at 2011-01-17T05:54
at 2011-01-17T05:54
By Hedda
at 2011-01-18T20:56
at 2011-01-18T20:56
By Edwina
at 2011-01-20T03:58
at 2011-01-20T03:58
By Anonymous
at 2011-01-21T22:11
at 2011-01-21T22:11
By Linda
at 2011-01-22T22:16
at 2011-01-22T22:16
By Caroline
at 2011-01-23T17:59
at 2011-01-23T17:59
By Edith
at 2011-01-26T08:18
at 2011-01-26T08:18
By Doris
at 2011-01-26T14:24
at 2011-01-26T14:24
By Mia
at 2011-01-27T10:06
at 2011-01-27T10:06
By Tracy
at 2011-01-31T22:53
at 2011-01-31T22:53
By Kristin
at 2011-02-02T16:31
at 2011-02-02T16:31
By Dora
at 2011-02-04T16:55
at 2011-02-04T16:55
By Caroline
at 2011-02-05T16:13
at 2011-02-05T16:13
By Ophelia
at 2011-02-09T12:23
at 2011-02-09T12:23
By Rae
at 2011-02-12T22:58
at 2011-02-12T22:58
By Aaliyah
at 2011-02-15T02:55
at 2011-02-15T02:55
By Ingrid
at 2011-02-16T06:35
at 2011-02-16T06:35
By Irma
at 2011-02-17T06:43
at 2011-02-17T06:43
By Susan
at 2011-02-17T19:33
at 2011-02-17T19:33
By Victoria
at 2011-02-20T20:03
at 2011-02-20T20:03
Related Posts
結婚才2年,大概是遇到常見的夫妻問題了吧
By James
at 2010-03-11T09:46
at 2010-03-11T09:46
結婚才2年,大概是遇到常見的夫妻問題了吧
By Doris
at 2010-03-11T00:36
at 2010-03-11T00:36
另一半喜歡的料理
By Mason
at 2010-03-10T13:49
at 2010-03-10T13:49
如果前男友打電話給你...
By Suhail Hany
at 2010-03-09T11:43
at 2010-03-09T11:43
地震的電話
By Blanche
at 2010-03-07T01:31
at 2010-03-07T01:31